ocaml-rpc is a library that provides remote procedure calls (RPC)
using XML or JSON as transport encodings. The transport mechanism itself
is outside the scope of this library as all conversions are from and to
strings.

RPC types

An RPC value is defined as follow:

type t =
    Int of int64
  | Int32 of int32
  | Bool of bool
  | Float of float
  | String of string
  | DateTime of string
  | Enum of t list
  | Dict of (string * t) list
  | Null

Generating code

The idea behind ocaml-rpc is to generate type definitions that can be used to
convert values of a given type to and from their RPC representations.

In order to do so, it is sufficient to add [@@deriving rpcty] to the
corresponding type definition. Hence :

type t = ... [@@deriving rpcty]

This will give a value typ_of_t of type Rpc.Types.typ, which can be used in
conjunction with the Rpcmarshal module to:

• Convert values of type t to values of type Rpc.t:

  let rpc_of_t t = Rpcmarshal.marshal typ_of_t t
  

• Convert values of type Rpc.t to values of type t :

  let t_of_rpc rpc = Rpcmarshal.unmarshal typ_of_t rpc
  

Optionally, it is possible to have different field name in the OCaml
type (if it is a record) and in the dictionary argument (the first
elements of Dict):

type t = { foo: int [@key "type"]; bar: int [@key "let"]; } [@@deriving rpcty]

This will replace "foo" by "type" and "bar" by "let" in the RPC
representation. This is particularly useful when you want to integrate
with an existing API and the field names are not valid OCaml identifiers.

The library also provides the [@@deriving rpc] ppx, which is similar to
rpcty, but directly generates the conversion functions.

type t = ... [@@deriving rpc]

will give two functions:

• A function to convert values of type t to values of type Rpc.t :
  val rpc_of_t : t -> Rpc.t

• A function to convert values of type Rpc.t to values of type t :
  val t_of_rpc : Rpc.t -> (t,string) Result.result

It also supports the @key annotations for having different field names:

type t = { foo: int [@key "type"]; bar: int [@key "let"]; } [@@deriving rpc]

Conversion functions

ocaml-rpc currently support two protocols: XMLRPC and JSON(RPC). Function
signatures are:

val Xmlrpc.to_string : Rpc.t -> string
val Xmlrpc.of_string : string -> Rpc.t
val Jsonrpc.to_string : Rpc.t -> string
val Jsonrpc.of_string : string -> Rpc.t

So if you want to marshal a value x of type t to JSON, you can use the
following function:

Jsonrpc.to_string (rpc_of_t x)

IDL generator

The Idl module makes it possible to define an abstract interface in OCaml
using the following pattern:

module CalcInterface(R : Idl.RPC) = struct
  open R

  let int_p = Idl.Param.mk Rpc.Types.int

  let add = R.declare "add"
      ["Add two numbers"]
      (int_p @-> int_p @-> returning int_p Idl.DefaultError.err)

  let mul = R.declare "mul"
      ["Multiply two numbers"]
      (int_p @-> int_p @-> returning int_p Idl.DefaultError.err)

  let implementation = implement
      { Idl.Interface.name = "Calc"; namespace = Some "Calc"; description = ["Calculator supporting addition and multiplication"]; version = (1,0,0) }
end

Then we can generate various "bindings" from it by passing a module
implementing the RPC signature to this functor:

• OCaml bindings for clients or servers can be generated using one of the
  GenClient* or GenServer* functors, respectively.

  For example one can generate an RPC client this way:

  module CalcClient :
    sig
      val add :
        (Rpc.call -> Rpc.response) ->
        int -> int -> (int, Idl.DefaultError.t) result
      val mul :
        (Rpc.call -> Rpc.response) ->
        int -> int -> (int, Idl.DefaultError.t) result
    end = CalcInterface(Idl.GenClient ())
  

  The functions in the resulting CalcClient module can be used to call their
  corresponding RPC methods.
  CalcClient does not implement the transport mechanism itself, that should
  be provided by passing an a rpc function of type Rpc.call -> Rpc.response.

  CalcClient.add rpc 4 5 will marshal the parameters 4 and 5 into their
  RPC representations, construct an Rpc.call, pass that call to the given rpc
  function, and return either an Ok containing the unmarshalled result or an
  Error with the error description depending on the response returned by
  rpc.

  There are variations of the GenClient module:

  GenClientExn raises an exception in case the response indicates a failure,
  instead of returning a result:

  module CalcClient :
    sig
      val add : (Rpc.call -> Rpc.response) -> int -> int -> int
      val mul : (Rpc.call -> Rpc.response) -> int -> int -> int
    end = CalcInterface(Idl.GenClientExn ())
  

  and GenClientExnRpc allows one to specify the rpc function once when
  constructing the client module:

  module CalcClient :
    sig
      val add : int -> int -> int
      val mul : int -> int -> int
    end = CalcInterface(Idl.GenClientExnRpc (struct let rpc = rpc end))
  

  Bindings for a server can be generated in a similar way:

  module CalcServer :
    sig
      val add : (int -> int -> (int, Idl.DefaultError.t) result) -> unit
      val mul : (int -> int -> (int, Idl.DefaultError.t) result) -> unit
      val implementation : Idl.server_implementation
    end = CalcInterface(Idl.GenServer ())
  

  The implementations of each RPC method should be specified by passing it to
  the corresponding function in CalcServer:

  CalcServer.add (fun a b -> Ok (a + b));
  CalcServer.mul (fun a b -> Ok (a * b));
  

  Then we can generate our server from the implementation (in case of
  GenClient, implementation is unused):

  let rpc : (Rpc.call -> Rpc.response) = Idl.server CalcServer.implementation
  

  Again, the transport mechanism is not implemented by CalcServer. We just
  get an rpc function that, given an Rpc.call, calls the implementation of
  that RPC method and performs the marshalling and unmarshalling.
  It is up to the user of this library to connect this rpc function to a real
  server that responds to client requests.

  Here we also have a GenServerExn functor, for server implementations that
  raise exceptions instead of returning a result.

  The rpclib-lwt and rpclib-async packages provide similar client and
  server generators that use Lwt and Async, respectively.

  The Xmlrpc and Jsonrpc modules can be helpful when implementing the rpc
  function for an XML-RPC or JSON-RPC client/server: they provide functions for
  converting rpc requests and responses to/from their respective wire formats.

• Commandline interfaces can be generated using Cmdlinergen:

  module CalcCli :
    sig
      val implementation :
        unit ->
        ((Rpc.call -> Rpc.response) ->
         (unit -> unit) Cmdliner.Term.t * Cmdliner.Term.info)
        list
    end = CalcInterface(Cmdlinergen.Gen ())
  

  We can use the implementation to construct the CLI.
  Again, we need to pass an rpc function that knows how to make RPC calls.

  let () =
    let cmds = (List.map (fun t -> t rpc) (CalcCli.implementation ())) in
    let open Cmdliner in
    Term.(exit @@ eval_choice default_cmd cmds)
  

• Some generators use the output of Codegen. This functor generates a structure
  that contains information about the methods, their parameters, return types,
  etc. Currently these generators that use the output of Codegen require the
  method parameters to be named.

  module CalcInterface(R : Idl.RPC) = struct
    open R
  
    let int_p_1 = Idl.Param.mk ~name:"int1" Rpc.Types.int
    let int_p_2 = Idl.Param.mk ~name:"int2" Rpc.Types.int
    let int_p = Idl.Param.mk Rpc.Types.int
  
    let add = R.declare "add"
        ["Add two numbers"]
        (int_p_1 @-> int_p_2 @-> returning int_p Idl.DefaultError.err)
  
    let implementation = implement
        { Idl.Interface.name = "Calc"; namespace = Some "Calc"; description = ["Calculator supporting addition and multiplication"]; version = (1,0,0) }
  end
  
  module CalcCode :
    sig
      val implementation : unit -> Codegen.Interface.t
    end = CalcInterface(Codegen.Gen ())
  
  let interfaces = Codegen.Interfaces.create
    ~name:"calc"
    ~title:"Calculator"
    ~description:["Interface for a Calculator"]
    ~interfaces:[CalcCode.implementation ()]
  

  • Markdowngen can generate a markdown file documenting these interfaces:

    let md = Markdowngen.to_string interfaces
    

  • Pythongen can generate Python code that contains various classes
    wrapping a Python implementation, providing typechecking & method
    dispatch, and a CLI.

    let code = Pythongen.of_interfaces interfaces |> Pythongen.string_of_ts
    

The possibilities are not limited to the above generators provided by
ocaml-rpc. Any third-party module implementing the RPC signature can be
used to generate something from an interface defined following the above
pattern. For example, it is possible to write an RPC implementation that
generates a GUI for a given interface.